OSI Model

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the OSI model facilitates communication and interoperability between different systems and devices by defining specific functions at each layer.

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Layers

LayerNameCommon Protocols
7ApplicationHTTP, FTP, SMTP
6PresentationSSL/TLS, ASCII
5SessionSockets
4TransportTCP, UDP, QUIC
3NetworkIP, ICMP
2Data LinkMAC, ARP
1PhysicalRJ45, WLAN, Bluetooth